CRADAs (Cooperative Research and Development Agreements) facilitate collaborative research between Berkeley Lab and one or more non-federal participants for mutual benefit. Participants can retain rights to their inventions and have the first option to license any Berkeley Lab intellectual property generated through the CRADA. Importantly, all CRADAs require in-kind support from participants, even if the project is fully funded by them. In-kind contributions may be in the form of personal property (equipment and supplies), real property (land and buildings) or services which are directly beneficial, specifically identifiable and necessary to performance of the project or program. For No Funds-In CRADAs, cash contributions are not necessary, but the Lab’s efforts must be financed through other sources. This structure promotes a shared investment in the research while ensuring that the Lab’s unique capabilities are utilized effectively.